Astro Turf in Swanscombe

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Swanscombe is a village in the Borough of Dartford in Kent, England. It lies east of Dartford as well as north-west of Gravesend, in the civil parish of Swanscombe and Greenhithe. At the 2001 UK census, the Swanscombe electoral ward had a population of 6,418. Swanscombe was necessary in the early history of concrete. The very first cement manufacturing works near Swanscombe were opened at Northfleet by James Parker, around 1792, making “Roman cement” from cement rock brought from the Isle of Sheppey. James Frost opened an operate at Swanscombe in 1825, utilizing chalk from Galley Hill, having patented a brand-new concrete called British Cement. The Swanscombe plant was subsequently acquired by John Bazley White & Co, which became the biggest component of Blue Circle Industries when it developed in 1900. It ultimately closed down in 1990. In between 1840 and 1930 it was the largest cement plant in Britain. By 1882 several cement manufacturers were operating across the north Kent area, yet the resulting dust air pollution drove the people of Swanscombe to take lawsuit versus the neighborhood concrete jobs. In spite of different technological developments, the problem lingered into the 1950s, with telegraph lines over an inch thick in white dust. Modern concrete kilns in Kent utilizing smokeshafts 170 m (550 feet) in height are now claimed to be the cleanest in the world. However, the adjoining Medway towns are reported to be the most contaminated occupied area in the UK, as well as the concrete industry contributes to acid rain in Scandinavia.